You can also use mulch in and around walkways, play areas, and dog runs too. Features. However, if you want to eliminate any risk of harm to your dog, you should definitely stay away from Roundup. Most essential oils are not toxic for dogs, but some can be. When to Apply Crabgrass Preventer [Before or After Rain? manner thats also safe for your pooch. Glyphosate (the primary active ingredient in Roundup) is one of the most commonly used weed killers in the world. Another safe weed killer option. Choosing a slow release fertiliser allows your lawn to reap the benefits of the fertiliser over a long period of time. The evidence regarding the safety of Roundup (and, to a lesser extent, the active ingredient glyphosate) is mixed. This biodegradable product is made from 20% acetic acid (aka vinegar and water) plus ethanol distilled from corn grain. What about safety for rabbits, guinea pigs, chooks and other grazing animals? The studys authors state as much quite plainly: Here we demonstrate that all formulations are more toxic than glyphosate. (In this context, they mean formulations containing glyphosate, versus pure glyphosate.). 4. Complete plant death usually occurs in about two weeks. Works in as little as 3 hours. Pine bark nuggets or pine straw are two of the best options, and theyre likely more environmentally sustainable than cypress mulches are (although cypress mulch should be safe for your pet). This isnt a particularly simple solution, as youll have to identify the best plants for your property, install them, and then wait for them to get to work. Retrieved March 15, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/94757.html, Brookshire, B. September 24, 2015. By combining two types of weed killer, it's effective on a wide range of weed types, and it's very economical, with 500ml treating 330 square meters. Wear protective gear and be careful. About: Green Gobbler Ultimate Vinegar Home & Garden is a vinegar-based weed killer that is designed to be a safer alternative to traditional weed killers. 3. The Energen Carolina weed killer is a vinegar-based herbicide that is most effective at killing broadleaf weeds and grasses such as crabgrass, clover, dandelion, and ivy. Cornmeal is a surprising, yet highly effective, pantry item to put into your pet-safe weed killer arsenal. But on the other hand, many weed killers can trigger mild to severe reactions in people and pets who have direct contact with them, and there is an increasing body of evidence that suggests some popular weed killers may be dangerous. The active ingredients in this weed killer are acetic acid (in other words vinegar) and sodium chloride (also known as salt). Yates 1L Ready to Use Baythroid Advanced Garden Pest Insect Killer. Roundup For Lawns1 Refill (Northern), 1.25 gal. "Detection of herbicides in the urine of pet dogs following home lawn chemical application". Additionally, it is important to note that 2,4-D appears to remain on the plant surfaces longer (up to 3 days) than most other common herbicides. K9ofMine.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. About: Natural Armor 30% Home & Garden Vinegar is an all-natural, glyphosate-free weed killer that can also be used for a variety of other purposes, such as cleaning brick walkways, reducing soil pH, and polishing chrome. And if you do use synthetic weed killers, make sure to follow basic safety precautions to protect your dog. 2,4-D. CDC. weeded out (sorry I couldnt resist) over time. It acts as a pre-emergent, which means it prevents seeds from germinating (it is not effective in combating existing weeds, it only stops new seeds from growing). The active ingredients in this weed killer are acetic acid (vinegar - 90 g/l) and sulfamic acid in a lower concentration of 9 g/l. 2. Natural Armor Weed and Grass Killer is an all-natural concentrated formula that works on 250-plus types of weeds and . The Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer gobbles up weeds and spits them out without harsh chemicals. 8. Theyre going to protect their investments. Pro-Kleen Iron Sulphate - Best Liquid Moss Killer. After loosing 2 of my favorite Goldies before their time, I stopped all use of weed killer products. It has the 5 most effective ingredients; Acetic acid, Fatty acids, Sodium chloride, Citrus acid, and Eugenol. Check Latest Price. The soap will help the vinegar stick to the leaves of the plant instead of running off too quickly. In fact, EcoSMART holds 40 United States patents and 55 foreign patents. So, if you must use products containing 2.4-D, you must wait at least 3 days before letting your dog near the treated area. So, were left just trying to make the best decision on So, be sure to employ the following tips when trying to kill To further the effectiveness, it may help to make a mixture of vinegar and dish soap (a one gallon to 1 tablespoon ratio). In contrast to Natural Armors other pet-safe weed killer we discuss below (which contains a few different active ingredients), this one contains only a single ingredient: 30% vinegar. 1943. Our pet safe weed killer is formulated from carefully selected GRAS ingredients - kill weeds fast without the harmful toxins. Best Pet-Friendly Weed Killer Australia 2023, Other Pet-Safe Strategies for Dealing With Weeds, Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority, Richgro CRI7070 Beat-A-Weed Natural Weedkiller, Worth Garden Ergonomic Stand-Up Weed Puller, Weed Killer Hot Devil Butane Torch Burner Kit. Best weed killer on the market! - Lawn Safe Weed Killer For Northern Lawns - Kills Crabgrass, Dandelion, Clover and Yellow Nutsedge - Kills Weeds, Not the Lawn. As far as pet-friendly weed killers go, Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer has some of the best online reviews. Accordingly, caution is definitely warranted when using sethoxydim. However, there are a few things you can do to help limit weeds that are even safer wed even go as far as to consider them completely safe. This is not their research, either. Best Pet-Friendly Organic Weed Killer Natural Armor Weed and Grass Killer. Children and pets can step on the lawn once the Resolva spray dries up on the lawn, making it a pet-friendly product. Warning: this potent mixture will kill grass and flowers as well, so only spray the weeds. You can simply buy vinegar, pour it in a spray bottle, and start raining non-toxic death on your weeds. 2. Espoma's Organic Weed Preventer is another excellent choice for pet owners. Here is how to do it: And by mechanically, we mostly mean by hand. Isoxaben 75WD is a pet-friendly herbicide product, as pets can safely step onto the lawn as soon as 12-hours post-application. (31) $30 .93. It is also important to note that dogs do appear to absorb many common herbicides even when their owners dont use the products themselves. Best Overall: Doctor Kirchner Natural Weed & Grass Killer. Just understand that fire may not be a prudent solution for those living in the drought-plagued west, as the risk of sparking a wildfire is simply too great. The best dog-friendly pesticide option available on this list is the EcoSMART Organic Insect Killer. Here are a few points to consider: Ingredients . Most weeds dont represent any problem aside from compromising the aesthetics of your lawn, and some of us simply dont care about this problem.. A pet and wildlife-safe method of using glyphosate to control bindweed, which is a common garden weed, is to put canes in the ground for the bindweed to twine up. Fastest Working Organic Spray: Natria Grass & Weed Control; Best Pet Friendly Spray: Just for Pets Pet-Safe Weed Killer Spray; Best Overall: Compare N Save Concentrate Weed & Grass Killer; Non-residual in the soil - replanting can occur 7 days after spraying. things, it can be pretty effective, and it wont represent any type of danger Dandelions are a bit tricky to eliminate in a dog-safe fashion, as they often grow in the middle of your lawn. Use this remedy only for small, isolated patches of weeds. We do not specifically market to children under 13. Your email address will not be published. Mulch is also quite dog-friendly and suitable for dog play areas, however, some pups also find it fun to dig up. We all know that canines love to sniff around, and sometimes even eat grass. It contains 20% acetic acid, is made from corn, and is four times stronger than table vinegar. Some of my reading claims that vinegar kills bees. Obviously, you dont want to do anything you wouldnt do to yourself - such as spray the vinegar solution directly onto your dog. Others have claimed that its very toxic. Sale. By doing so, you'll reduce potential contact with pets. The key to success is being persistent and trying to catch the weeds early before they have a chance to go to seed and multiply. However, we did manage to find some great options that are both safe and easy to use. It's used by franchise owners nationwide to safely weaken and kill weeds in lawns without harming the soil or ecosystem. 5. GreenView Turf Nurture Natural Base Lawn Fertilizer is rich in natural and organic materials to give your lawn the boost it needs while keeping your pets safe. Personally, Id consider it too risky to use around pets, but some owners may feel comfortable using it. Acetic acid is basically vinegar. Weed killers offer an easy solution for getting rid of unwanted plant growth, but are they safe for your dogs? This selective weed killer is a pet-safe product, thus you can allow your pets to come back to the lawn once it dries up completely. Unlike some other herbicides, which only target some subset of plants (such as grasses or broad-leaved plants), glyphosate kills everything. That begs the question: If vinegar will kill weeds, why buy Roundup is a common household weedkiller. View on Amazon. You may want to even consider picking up a stand-up weed removing tool to make the job a bit easier. Accordingly, it is often used to control weed growth amid lawns. Keeping your lawn in tip-top shape is not only satisfying in Get tons of great dog training tutorials, canine gear guides, and the latest doggy discounts. Some studies appear to indicate that glyphosate is unlikely to cause illness or death, but other studies have yielded pretty harrowing information. After all, you may hate the dandelions growing on your lawn, but weeds represent lost money to farmers, as they compete with the crops being grown. This is a selling point for some owners, but just be careful using it around plants you dont want to kill. Once mixed with water inside a spraying can, each pound of Isoxaben can provide weed protection in up to 32,000 square feet of lawn area. In my experience, clover tends to attract a ton of bumblebees, which arent particularly aggressive anyway. Sadly, the chemicals marketed to combat them are not only toxic to the environment, but also to the health of your pets (not to mention to you and your family as well). Add salt or vinegar for additional strength. Wear protective gloves and remember that some weed killer applications can kill flowers, grasses, and shrubs. Science News Explores. This toxic chemical is recognized as the most dangerous weed killer, according to Wismer. put, we need more data to draw clear conclusions. Most of the pet-safe granular weed killers are actually pre-emergent weed killers, rather than products thatll kill existing weeds. Im not sure what to believe anymore. 7. Effective weed killers that are pet-friendly and safe for the environment are not easy to find. Many studies have concluded that glyphosate does not have a harmful effect on humans and other mammals (this means dogs too), except in very large doses. I keep the dog in when I spray, and the bleach dries on the weeds in about 20 minutes. Best Sale: Roundup Super Concentrate Weed & Grass Killer. You should notice the plant wilting within a couple of hours. Best Convenient: Just For Pets Weed Killer Spray (1-4 Gallon Case Refills) NO Glyphosate. grow, it is thought to be fairly safe for humans when properly used and applied. Tell us about your preferred products and techniques in the comments below. Best Weed Killer for Clover, Dandelion. Use this solution on a sunny day for best results. A common herbicide that has glyphosate as the main active ingredient in Roundup. However, the mulch strategy works great for flower beds and various outdoor corners. All of this research is enough to convince us that Roundup and glyphosate is probably something to avoid using around your dog. Full organic certification - Australian Certified Organic (ACO) and approved for Organic Gardening. And from the third-fourth week post-application, the weeds begin to die. Common examples of weeds that it effectively controls include dandelion, lambsquarter, clover, and chickweed. Some, like the Netherlands, ban its non-commercial use, while others such as Sri Lanka banned the chemical completely (Sri Lanka did, however, reverse the law after heavy crop losses). Others have no visible effect, but it has been shown that chemicals applied to lawns where dogs hang out end up in their urine (1). . 1 Quart Water. 2,4-D is a plant hormone that causes broad-leafed plants to grow in improper ways, which cause them to die. . Thanks again. behalf of our pets. Doctor Kirchner Natural Weed & Grass Killer. How Long Does 2, 4-D Take to Work and Kill Weeds? The Green Gobbler spray kills weeds (and grass) in a few hours. Honestly, this is my preferred method of dealing with weeds they dont bother me, so I dont bother them. Are Essential Oils Safe for Dogs?. Currently pursuing a Masters degree in Semiotics studying the communication between animals and humans. Its easy to confuse natural with safe. While it is completely natural, too much pine oil can also be irritating to humans if it gets to the wrong places (such as skin or airways). Nevertheless, as explained by the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC), People who drank products containing 2,4-D vomited, had diarrhea, headaches, and were confused or aggressive.. K9 of Mine is reader-supported, which means we may earn a small commission through products purchased using links on this page. The best way to apply salt is by mixing it with some water and then spraying down the weeds you want to kill. Glyphosate essentially works by destroying EPSP synthase an enzyme that most plants need to survive. Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer. K9ofMine.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. About 4-5 sprays per weed will kill to the root on the first pass. Packed with excellent turf nutrients that gently feed for 8 - 10 weeks and cover lawns up to 5,000 to 15,000 square feet, depending on which bag you buy. A growing body of research shows Roundup is an endocrine disruptor, kills beneficial gut bacteria and damages DNA. The only flaw that most gardeners notice for this lawn insect killer is it is not effective on ants and has a poor bottle design. Mix in a spray bottle and spray directly onto leaves. I hope someone develops a pet safe spray that will not also kill my lawn. It is a post-emergent product, designed to be used on grass weeds that have already sprouted. All you need to do is boil some water and pour it over. One option made specifically for this purpose is the Weed Killer Hot Devil Butane Torch Burner Kit. I buy it direct from the factory distributer in Waukegan Illinois in a 5 gallon bucket / pail, and pay less than any of the on-line retailers. Additionally, many native weeds are important food sources for bees and other critters. These plants which are called allelopathic plants do so as a way to eliminate the competition. Weed and feeds (also called weed n feed or sometimes, mistakenly, weed and seeds) are combination lawncare products, consisting of a weed killer and a fertilizer. Despite the label that touts a product as pet-safe and pet-friendly or perhaps natural or organic, pet parents should carefully read the ingredient list. In fact, were not aware of any pet-safe weed and feed (or pet-safe weed and seed). Therefore, precision is required. Weedol Concentrated Lawn Weedkiller is sold as a liquid concentrate and should be diluted as per the manufacturers guidelines before use. BUY AT MY DEAL. As a result, more and more countries have been banning the use of glyphosate. Green Gobbler Vinegar Weed & Grass Killer is our favorite pet-friendly and naturally organic weed killer for use on patios. Weeding by hand can be rather tedious work, but it's one of the best ways to ensure that the root of the weed is gone, as both toxic and non-toxic weed killers might actually leave it behind to regenerate. If youll allow me a brief indulgence: Before joining the K9 of Mine team, I spent two decades working as an environmental and wildlife educator, and I ran a 501(c)3 nature preserve for nearly a decade. Just spray on with the included nozzle and enjoy organic, pet-friendly weed eradication. If you haven't . This powerful weed and feed product combines a well-balanced lawn fertilizer with 2,4-D and Mecoprop herbicides. It isnt clear whether your pet can get enough 2,4-D by licking sprayed grass to cause these problems or not, but its probably not something that most dog owners want to find out firsthand. Amazon, the Amazon logo, AmazonSupply, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. Sci Total Environ. You can't use it on lawns, though, and there's a risk of damage to plants if used in a dense flowerbed. Industrial strength Vinegar is the ONLY Safe weed killer, and you can get it as strong as 40% Vinegar. Ive been leaving the clover in my yard. Just screw the sprayer on the bottle and start blasting. Well get to those in the final part of this guide, but first, lets look at some of the most common ingredients in weed killers and if they are safe for dogs. Hey, Kate. The researchers also found glyphosate in the urine of dogs living in homes that didn't spray their lawns. For that matter, given the fact that the earth is currently experiencing a biodiversity crisis, theres something to be said for allowing an assortment of plant species to grow in your yard. Chances are, shes currently giving him the eyes and begging to go to the park. As we have mentioned above, it is a relatively mild acid, and one that is not known as harmful for dogs, especially not in such low concentrations. Retrieved March 15, 2023. https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/are-essential-oils-safe-for-dogs/, Higgs, V. September 23, 2022. Another way to get rid of weeds (or at least keep them at bay for a while) is to simply not give them space to grow. Welcome to the Bunnings Workshop community @TriciaW. There are a few very important aspects to look for when selecting a pet-safe weed killer for your lawn. They made a product that can compete with other synthetic weed killers without . May kill grass and flowers. It doesn't damage your plants, is safe for animals, and is manufactured by the leading company out there in the world of eco-friendly pesticides. About: Just For Pets Weed Killer Spray is a non-toxic, glyphosate-free formula thats made by pet lovers for use in fur-friendly yards. There was no sign of her having any issues with it what so ever. Most weed killers that contain synthetic chemicals are not entirely safe for dogs. If you have pets at home, you don't want to expose them to a lot of hazardous substances. Yes, dogs can die from an overdose from various pesticides. Eco-Organic Garden 3L Ready To Use Slasher Organic Weedkiller. As much quite plainly: here we demonstrate that all formulations are more toxic than.! Containing glyphosate, versus pure glyphosate. ) spray on with the included nozzle and enjoy Organic, pet-friendly eradication... With it what so ever Insect Killer a couple of hours and walkways... Body of research shows Roundup is an all-natural concentrated formula that works 250-plus. Compete with other synthetic weed killers, rather than products thatll kill existing weeds weeds begin to die //www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/94757.html... Sunny day for best results chemical is recognized as the main active ingredient Roundup... And kill weeds fast without the harmful toxins ( ACO ) and approved for Organic.... By pet lovers for use on patios and chickweed or pet-safe weed and seed.... Post-Emergent product, designed to be used on Grass weeds that it effectively controls dandelion!, more and more countries have been banning the use of weed Killer is an endocrine,! Weed will kill weeds a stand-up weed removing tool to make the job a bit easier per manufacturers. Indicate that glyphosate is probably something to avoid using around your dog, you want! Called allelopathic plants do so as a result, more and more countries have been banning use... That begs the question: if vinegar will kill to the root on lawn. By mixing it with some water and then spraying down the weeds you want to expose them to lot! Than table vinegar vinegar solution directly onto leaves remember that some weed Killer for your lawn some... As a way to Apply salt is by mixing it with some water pour... Time, I stopped all use of glyphosate. ) use synthetic weed killers actually. By destroying EPSP synthase an enzyme that most plants need to survive risk of harm to dog. A lot of hazardous substances can simply buy vinegar, pour it in a very... 2,4-D and Mecoprop herbicides know that canines love to sniff around, and bleach! Both safe and easy to use Baythroid Advanced Garden Pest Insect Killer some studies appear to indicate glyphosate. Cause illness or death, but just be careful using it around you! Https: //www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/are-essential-oils-safe-for-dogs/, Higgs, V. September 23, 2022 are called allelopathic plants so... Don & # x27 ; ll reduce potential contact with pets illness or death but... A product that can compete with other synthetic weed killers without suitable for dog areas! Appear to absorb many common herbicides even when their owners dont use the themselves. Used on Grass weeds that have already sprouted dog-friendly pesticide option available on list! Reading claims that vinegar kills bees the comments below you & # x27 ; s Organic weed Killer your... Offer an easy solution for getting rid of unwanted plant growth, just! A pet-safe weed Killer spray ( 1-4 Gallon Case Refills ) NO glyphosate. ) to look for when a. Mixing it with some water and then spraying down the weeds are pet-friendly and for... Plants to grow in improper ways, which only target some subset of plants ( such as spray vinegar. These plants which are called allelopathic plants do so as a result, more and more countries have been the. V. September 23, 2022 the 5 most effective ingredients ; acetic acid, and you simply. - kill weeds have yielded pretty harrowing information ( in this context, they mean formulations glyphosate! Dont use the products themselves, rather than products thatll kill existing weeds Preventer is another excellent choice pet... Herbicide that has glyphosate as the main active ingredient in Roundup and enjoy Organic, pet-friendly weed killers offer easy... Or its affiliates 4-D Take to Work and kill weeds rid of unwanted plant growth, but some can.... To draw clear conclusions walkways, play areas, and start raining non-toxic death on your.! Home, you should definitely stay away from Roundup some can be pet owners grasses or broad-leaved plants,. Essential oils are not toxic for dogs pets, but are they safe for,. In this context, they mean formulations containing glyphosate, versus pure glyphosate..... Table vinegar fairly safe for your dogs and humans around your dog of glyphosate )! September 23, 2022 the benefits of the most dangerous weed Killer Natural Armor weed and )! Pure glyphosate. ) and spray directly onto leaves of dogs living homes... Bother me, so only spray the vinegar solution directly onto your dog lawn chemical application.... Detection of herbicides in the urine of dogs living in homes that &... For humans when properly used and applied a non-toxic, glyphosate-free formula thats by... Common household Weedkiller the bottle and start blasting for your lawn weed eradication of weeds that have already sprouted even! As 12-hours post-application reap the benefits of the fertiliser over a long period time! Someone develops a pet safe spray that will not also kill my lawn hormone that causes broad-leafed plants grow! Herbicides in the urine of dogs living in homes that didn & # x27 ll! For use on patios we need more data to draw clear conclusions and it... Improper ways, which only target some subset of plants ( such as spray the weeds begin to.! And other critters context, they mean formulations containing glyphosate, versus pure glyphosate. ) you do synthetic! Best way to Apply salt is by mixing it with some water and pour in. Four times stronger than table vinegar countries have been banning the use of weed Killer, and four... For Lawns1 Refill ( Northern ), glyphosate kills everything purpose is the only safe Killer... Selected GRAS ingredients - kill weeds, why buy Roundup is a plant that. ( ACO ) and approved for Organic Gardening solution for getting rid of unwanted plant growth, but other have! And chickweed too risky to use Baythroid Advanced Garden Pest Insect Killer combines well-balanced! Spray directly onto leaves and pets can safely step onto the lawn making... Glyphosate ( the primary active ingredient in Roundup ) is one of the most used. //Www.Akc.Org/Expert-Advice/Health/Are-Essential-Oils-Safe-For-Dogs/, Higgs, V. September 23, 2022 appear to indicate that is. Leaves of the pet-safe granular weed killers that contain synthetic chemicals are not toxic for dogs to indicate glyphosate. An all-natural concentrated formula that works on 250-plus types of weeds that it controls! Works by destroying EPSP synthase an enzyme that most plants need to survive and around walkways, areas... Weed eradication is four times stronger than table vinegar synthetic weed killers that contain synthetic are. Bottle and start blasting we mostly mean by hand, if you do use weed! Of harm to your dog pet-friendly weed killers, rather than products thatll kill existing weeds bottle, chickweed. - Australian Certified Organic ( ACO ) and approved for Organic Gardening best pesticide... Evidence regarding the safety of Roundup ( and, to a lesser extent, weeds... To look for when selecting a pet-safe weed and seed ) growth, but some owners, but are safe. Herbicide product, as pets can step on the bottle and spray directly onto leaves use. You want to even consider picking up a stand-up weed removing tool to make the job a bit easier with! To eliminate the competition control weed growth amid lawns is thought to be used on Grass that... Using it around plants you dont want to even consider picking up a stand-up weed removing to... Fact, EcoSMART holds 40 United States patents and 55 foreign patents do boil. Home lawn chemical application '' ) is one of the plant instead of running too! ( Northern ), 1.25 gal food sources for bees and other grazing animals and! Our pet safe weed Killer Hot Devil Butane Torch Burner Kit //www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/are-essential-oils-safe-for-dogs/, Higgs, V. September 23,.... Way to eliminate the competition and enjoy Organic, pet-friendly weed eradication Natural &. Plants which are called allelopathic plants do so as a liquid Concentrate and should be diluted as per manufacturers... Arent particularly aggressive anyway with it what so ever grasses, and dog too. Is boil some water and pour it over growing body of research shows Roundup is a,... Growing body of research shows Roundup is an endocrine disruptor, kills beneficial gut bacteria and damages DNA you! 4-D Take to Work and kill weeds fast without the harmful toxins safety rabbits... Hope someone develops a pet safe spray that will not also kill my lawn vinegar and water ) ethanol... Not toxic for dogs, but some owners, but some can be I couldnt resist ) time! How long Does 2, 4-D Take to Work and kill weeds go, Gobbler. Shes currently giving him the eyes and begging to go to the park pet safe grass killer Killer made by lovers! Can get it as strong as 40 % vinegar, shes currently giving him eyes! No sign of her having any issues with it what so ever Grass and flowers well! Also found glyphosate in the urine of dogs living in homes that didn & # x27 ; ll reduce contact. Detection of herbicides in the urine of pet dogs following home lawn chemical application '' Armor and! Vinegar solution directly onto your dog, you pet safe grass killer notice the plant instead of running off too.... Some water and pour it in a spray bottle, and the AmazonSupply logo are trademarks of Amazon.com Inc.! Burner Kit is also important to note that dogs do appear to many! Start blasting here we demonstrate that all formulations are more toxic than glyphosate. ) toxic than glyphosate ).